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| partner = John Merivale (1960–67) | children = Suzanne Farrington | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1917–67 }} Vivian Mary Hartley, later known as Vivien Leigh (5 November 19138 July 1967), was an English stage and film actress.〔("Vivien Leigh on being English, portraying Americans." ) ''Daily Mail'' (online), 3 November 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2015.〕 She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress for her performances as "Southern belle" Scarlett O'Hara in ''Gone with the Wind'' (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of ''A Streetcar Named Desire'' (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949. She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway version of ''Tovarich'' (1963). After her drama school education, Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in ''Fire Over England'' (1937). Lauded for her beauty, Leigh felt that it sometimes prevented her from being taken seriously as an actress. Despite her fame as a screen actress, Leigh was primarily a stage performer. During her 30-year stage career, she played roles ranging from the heroines of Noël Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to classic Shakespearean characters such as Ophelia, Cleopatra, Juliet and Lady Macbeth. Later in life, she played character roles in a few films. To the public at the time, Leigh was strongly identified with her second husband Laurence Olivier, to whom she was married from 1940 to 1960. Leigh and Olivier starred together in many stage productions, with Olivier often directing, and in three films. She earned a reputation for being difficult to work with, as for much of her adult life, she had a bipolar disorder, as well as recurrent bouts of chronic tuberculosis, first diagnosed in the mid-1940s, which ultimately claimed her life at the age of 53.〔Olivier 1982, p. 174.〕 Although her career had periods of inactivity, in 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Leigh as the 16th greatest female movie star of classic Hollywood cinema. ==Early life and acting debut== Leigh was born Vivian Mary Hartley〔Briggs 1992, p. 338.〕 in British India on the campus of St. Paul's School, Darjeeling. She was the only child of Ernest Richard Hartley, an English broker, and his wife, Gertrude Mary Frances (née Yackjee; she also used the name Robinson).〔Bean 2013, pp. 20–21.〕 Her mother, a devout Roman Catholic, may have been of Irish and Parsi Indian ancestry.〔Vickers 1988, p. 6.〕 Ernest and Gertrude Hartley were married in 1912 in Kensington, London.〔''General Register Office of England and Wales, Marriages'', June quarter 1912, Kensington vol. 1a, p. 426.〕 In 1917 Ernest Hartley was transferred to Bangalore as an officer in the Indian Cavalry, while Gertrude and Vivian stayed in Ootacamund.〔Vickers 1988, p. 9.〕 At the age of three, young Vivian made her first stage appearance for her mother's amateur theatre group, reciting "Little Bo Peep".〔Walker 1987, p. 25.〕 Gertrude Hartley tried to instil an appreciation of literature in her daughter and introduced her to the works of Hans Christian Andersen, Lewis Carroll and Rudyard Kipling, as well as stories of Greek mythology and Indian folklore.〔Bean 2013, p. 21.〕 At the age of six, Vivian was sent by her mother to the Convent of the Sacred Heart (now Woldingham School) then situated in Roehampton, southwest London, from Loreto Convent, Darjeeling.〔Taylor 1984, p. 32.〕 One of her friends there was future actress Maureen O'Sullivan, two years her senior, to whom Vivian expressed her desire to become "a great actress".〔Walker 1987, p. 32.〕〔Edwards 1978, pp. 12–19.〕 She was removed from the school by her father, and travelling with her parents for four years, she attended schools in Europe, notably in Dinard, Biarritz, San Remo and Paris, becoming fluent in both French and Italian.〔Taylor 1984, pp. 33–34.〕 The family returned to Britain in 1931. She attended ''A Connecticut Yankee'', one of O'Sullivan's films playing in London's West End and told her parents of her ambitions to become an actress. Shortly after, her father enrolled Vivian at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London.〔Edwards 1978, pp. 25–30.〕 Vivian met Herbert Leigh Holman, known as Leigh Holman, a barrister 13 years her senior, in 1931.〔Walker 1987, p. 39.〕 Despite his disapproval of "theatrical people", they married on 20 December 1932, and she terminated her studies at RADA; her attendance and interest in acting having already waned after meeting Holman.〔Walker 1984, pp. 38–39.〕 On 12 October 1933 in London, she gave birth to a daughter, Suzanne, later Mrs. Robin Farrington.〔("Vivien Leigh profile." ) ''Turner Classic Movies''. Retrieved 13 October 2013.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vivien Leigh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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